Overview
SourcedExamine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data.
O*NET definition of Accountants and Auditors (SOC 13-2011) · Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed.
Occupation figures cover every job classified under SOC 13-2011, including Government Auditor.
Titles employers use
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership; U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database; GovJobs Wiki (editorial). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Requirements
Sourced- Education needed to enter
- Bachelor's degree
- Related work experience
- None
- On-the-job training
- None
Education workers say the job requires
Share of surveyed workers in Accountants and Auditors (SOC 13-2011) naming each level as required to be hired, 29 respondents, O*NET survey August 2026. Each employer sets its own minimum.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4); U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
How to get hired
SourcedA bachelor's degree in accounting or a related field is typically required to become an accountant or auditor. Completing certification in a specific field of accounting, such as becoming a licensed Certified Public Accountant (CPA), may improve job prospects.
From the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook profile “Accountants and Auditors”, published August 27, 2026 · Read the full profile. National guidance; each employer runs its own hiring process.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–35 edition (XML compilation). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Academy and training
Sourced- SOC 13-2011
- None
- Job zone
- Considerable Preparation Needed
Academy length, curriculum and paid-training policies are set by each employer and state; they are part of the employer collection stage.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Promotion ladder
EditorialCivil-service class series: civil-service class series I → II → III → senior → supervisor → manager, each with a salary range. Typical structure for a civil-service class series; titles, steps and timing differ by employer.
- Trainee / Assistant
- Level I
- Level II (journey)
- Level III / Senior
- Lead / Principal
- Supervisor
- Manager
- Director / Division Chief
Source: GovJobs Wiki (editorial).
Pay
SourcedMedian annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.
| Employer type | Workers | 10th pct. | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal | 22,370 | $81,540 | $99,590 | $120,520 | $143,210 | $166,230 |
| State | 60,520 | $51,930 | $62,030 | $76,780 | $95,580 | $114,430 |
| Local | 71,340 | $52,570 | $63,690 | $79,930 | $100,260 | $124,400 |
| All government | 154,230 | $53,710 | $64,420 | $81,390 | $104,120 | $130,090 |
| Private sector | 1,295,270 | $56,440 | $67,710 | $84,090 | $111,350 | $148,500 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership. Data captured September 30, 2026.
State government pay plans
Official pay ranges for the job classes that match Accountant (government) in 33 state civil-service plans. They cover state employees only, not cities, counties or school districts.
| State | Job classes in the state plan | Annual range |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Accountant, Staff Accountant, Senior Accountant 3 classes · effective September 1, 2026 · Alabama State Personnel Department | $44,218 – $104,719 |
| Arizona | Accountant 1–4 4 classes · effective July 9, 2022 · Arizona Department of Administration, Human Resources Division | $36,779 – $100,989 |
| Arkansas | Accountant I–II, Financial Accountant, Certified Public Accountant 4 classes · effective July 1, 2025 · Arkansas Department of Shared Administrative Services, Office of Personnel Management | $58,700 – $127,195 |
| California | Accountant I (Specialist), Accountant Trainee, Financial Accountant I–V 7 classes · effective September 14, 2026 · California Department of Human Resources (CalHR) | $47,208 – $165,372 |
| Colorado | Accountant I–IV 4 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Colorado Department of Personnel & Administration, Division of Human Resources (DHR) | $59,460 – $147,588 |
| Connecticut | Assistant Accountant, Accountant, Associate Accountant 3 classes · effective June 26, 2026 · Connecticut Department of Administrative Services (DAS), Statewide Human Resources | $69,320 – $122,027 |
| Florida | Accountant I–IV, Accountant II - Ses, Accountant III - Ses, +5 more 14 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Florida Department of Management Services (DMS), State Human Resource Management | $34,760 – $89,021 |
| Georgia | Accountant 1–4, Accountant 1 Non Exempt, Accountant 2 Non Exempt, +2 more 8 classes · effective July 10, 2024 · Georgia Department of Administrative Services (DOAS), Human Resources Administration — Compensation | $35,619 – $81,720 |
| Hawaii | Accountant I–VI 6 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · State of Hawaiʻi Department of Human Resources Development (DHRD) | $52,416 – $114,912 |
| Illinois | Transportation Accountant, Transportation Accountant Advanced, Accountant, Accountant Advanced 4 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Illinois Department of Central Management Services | $56,304 – $110,856 |
| Indiana | Accountant 5–1, Accountant S6, Accountant S5, +2 more 9 classes · Indiana State Personnel Department | $37,648 – $92,690 |
| Iowa | Accountant 2–3 4 classes · effective June 19, 2026 · Iowa Department of Administrative Services | $45,718 – $98,634 |
| Louisiana | Accountant 1–4 4 classes · effective March 3, 2025 · Louisiana Department of State Civil Service | $40,144 – $110,531 |
| Maine | Accountant I–III, Staff Accountant, Senior Staff Accountant 5 classes · effective August 30, 2026 · Maine Department of Administrative and Financial Services, Bureau of Human Resources | $37,045 – $72,259 |
| Maryland | Accountant Trainee, Accountant I–II, Accountant Advanced, Accountant Lead 10 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Maryland Department of Budget and Management (DBM) | $59,305 – $113,243 |
| Massachusetts | Accountant I–V 5 classes · effective July 12, 2026 · Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Human Resources Division (HRD) | $57,865 – $117,590 |
| Michigan | Accountant-E, Accountant-A 2 classes · effective October 1, 2026 · Michigan Civil Service Commission | $53,394 – $93,683 |
| Mississippi | Accountant I–III 3 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Mississippi State Personnel Board | $36,624 – $99,024 |
| Missouri | Accountant, Senior Accountant 2 classes · effective July 1, 2025 · Missouri Office of Administration, Division of Personnel | $34,992 – $102,456 |
| Nebraska | Accountant I–III 11 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Nebraska Department of Administrative Services, State Personnel Division | $38,189 – $90,008 |
| Nevada | Accountant I–III, Accountant (ACFR), Senior Accountant (ACFR) 5 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Nevada Department of Administration, Division of Human Resource Management (DHRM) | $61,721 – $137,954 |
| New Jersey | Accountant 3–1 6 classes · effective July 11, 2026 · New Jersey Civil Service Commission | $58,222 – $122,832 |
| New Mexico | Accountant, Senior Accountant, Certified Public Accountant, Principal Accountant 4 classes · effective July 4, 2026 · New Mexico State Personnel Office (SPO), Compensation and Classification | $47,050 – $103,330 |
| New York | Assoc Accountant 1 class · effective April 1, 2026 · New York State Department of Civil Service | $90,582 – $114,585 |
| North Carolina | Accountant I–IV 4 classes · effective February 1, 2026 · North Carolina Office of State Human Resources (OSHR) | $50,088 – $101,470 |
| Oklahoma | Accountant I–IV, Financial Accountant I–II, Certified Public Accountant I 7 classes · effective August 30, 2026 · Oklahoma Office of Management and Enterprise Services (OMES), Human Capital Management | $27,827 – $152,428 |
| Oregon | Accountant 1–3 | $54,204 – $141,576 |
| Pennsylvania | Accountant 1–4 4 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Office of Administration | $53,008 – $127,834 |
| South Dakota | Accountant, Senior Accountant 3 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · South Dakota Bureau of Human Resources and Administration (BHRA); Unified Judicial System for judicial classes | $49,005 – $101,837 |
| Tennessee | Accountant 1–3 3 classes · effective September 1, 2026 · Tennessee Department of Human Resources | $48,684 – $91,752 |
| Texas | Accountant I–VII 7 classes · effective September 1, 2025 · Texas State Auditor's Office (SAO), State Classification Team | $38,976 – $129,430 |
| Wisconsin | Accountant, Accountant-Journey, Accountant-Senior, Accountant-Adv 4 classes · effective June 28, 2026 · Wisconsin Department of Administration, Division of Personnel Management | $45,136 – $157,893 |
| Wyoming | Accountant, Senior Accountant, Principal Accountant 3 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Wyoming Department of Administration & Information, Human Resources Division | $50,648 – $114,962 |
Lowest class minimum to highest class maximum. Hourly rates are converted at 2,080 hours a year, and other rates at the plan's pay periods; the plans publish the exact rates. Classes are matched to this job by title (GovJobsWiki editorial rule).
Sources: 33 official state pay plans, linked in each row.
Schedule
SourcedShare of surveyed workers in the occupation (O*NET work context, August 2026). Shift patterns and differentials depend on the employer.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Day-to-day work
Sourced- Prepare, examine, or analyze accounting records, financial statements, or other financial reports to assess accuracy, completeness, and conformance to reporting and procedural standards.4.6
- Process invoices for payment.4.5
- Review accounts for discrepancies and reconcile differences.4.5
- Prepare adjusting journal entries.4.3
- Compute taxes owed and prepare tax returns, ensuring compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements.4.3
- Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions.4.2
- Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.4.1
- Prepare, analyze, or verify annual reports, financial statements, and other records, using accepted accounting and statistical procedures to assess financial condition and facilitate financial planning.4.1
- Collect and analyze data to detect deficient controls, duplicated effort, extravagance, fraud, or non-compliance with laws, regulations, and management policies.4.0
- Review data about material assets, net worth, liabilities, capital stock, surplus, income, or expenditures.3.9
The 10 most important of 30 core tasks for Accountants and Auditors, ranked by importance (1–5) in the O*NET survey of August 2026.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Related jobs
DerivedExams and free practice tests
SourcedFree practice tests
AICPA CPA Exam — Auditing & Attestation (AUD) Core Section
Entrance or licensing exam · free on Open Exam PrepAICPA CPA Exam — Business Analysis & Reporting (BAR) Discipline Section
Entrance or licensing exam · free on Open Exam PrepAICPA CPA Exam — Financial Accounting & Reporting (FAR)
Entrance or licensing exam · free on Open Exam PrepAICPA CPA Exam — Information Systems & Controls (ISC) Discipline Section
Entrance or licensing exam · free on Open Exam PrepAICPA CPA Exam — Regulation (REG) Core Section
Entrance or licensing exam · free on Open Exam PrepAICPA CPA Exam — Tax Compliance & Planning (TCP) Discipline Section
Entrance or licensing exam · free on Open Exam PrepCertified Government Financial Manager (CGFM)
Entrance or licensing exam · free on Open Exam PrepUniform Certified Public Accountant (CPA) Examination
Entrance or licensing exam · free on Open Exam Prep
Source: Open Exam Prep, Open Exam Prep free practice tests. Data captured October 1, 2026. Each link was opened and its exam title checked on the date shown.
By state
SourcedMedian annual wage for Accountants and Auditors (SOC 13-2011) in each state, all employers (BLS state estimates do not separate government from private). Highest first.
| State | Workers | 10th pct. | Median | 90th pct. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of Columbia | 9,810 | $71,470 | $111,530 | $185,220 |
| New York | 109,830 | $63,700 | $102,640 | $171,030 |
| New Jersey | 42,250 | $65,710 | $100,830 | $167,080 |
| Massachusetts | 46,230 | $70,460 | $99,460 | $160,100 |
| Connecticut | 16,770 | $64,230 | $97,550 | $156,670 |
| California | 175,360 | $61,770 | $97,050 | $160,520 |
| Colorado | 35,410 | $60,760 | $97,030 | $162,160 |
| Washington | 34,740 | $66,330 | $96,550 | $152,310 |
| Rhode Island | 6,570 | $59,920 | $95,820 | $150,320 |
| Delaware | 6,570 | $60,500 | $95,020 | $132,550 |
| Virginia | 47,100 | $60,000 | $93,290 | $156,730 |
| Maryland | 26,170 | $59,760 | $89,370 | $156,660 |
| Oregon | 14,920 | $62,590 | $85,800 | $130,650 |
| New Hampshire | 7,000 | $59,920 | $83,470 | $131,110 |
| Alaska | 2,190 | $57,690 | $83,460 | $125,810 |
| North Carolina | 49,270 | $53,610 | $82,050 | $146,100 |
| Georgia | 44,020 | $51,830 | $81,900 | $145,960 |
| Minnesota | 30,530 | $58,280 | $81,600 | $138,960 |
| Nevada | 6,930 | $58,630 | $81,600 | $128,760 |
| Texas | 116,470 | $53,380 | $80,920 | $132,040 |
| Illinois | 54,930 | $54,510 | $80,230 | $131,990 |
| Utah | 15,490 | $48,770 | $79,990 | $131,590 |
| Arizona | 27,410 | $55,430 | $79,970 | $128,890 |
| Wisconsin | 25,100 | $58,340 | $79,400 | $127,800 |
| Oklahoma | 16,720 | $47,670 | $79,370 | $155,480 |
| Ohio | 50,440 | $52,140 | $79,320 | $131,400 |
| Florida | 91,000 | $50,280 | $79,250 | $131,930 |
| Kansas | 13,610 | $52,960 | $79,000 | $129,800 |
| Pennsylvania | 54,290 | $50,680 | $79,000 | $130,270 |
| Vermont | 2,630 | $59,770 | $78,890 | $118,800 |
| South Dakota | 5,820 | $61,190 | $78,880 | $115,470 |
| Michigan | 41,460 | $52,620 | $78,820 | $131,080 |
| New Mexico | 6,300 | $52,390 | $78,580 | $125,420 |
| Indiana | 25,660 | $50,950 | $77,720 | $125,880 |
| Wyoming | 2,670 | $50,900 | $77,620 | $126,520 |
| Maine | 3,860 | $55,640 | $77,480 | $125,130 |
| Iowa | 13,210 | $51,420 | $77,440 | $123,700 |
| Tennessee | 27,340 | $49,920 | $76,840 | $122,160 |
| Missouri | 28,000 | $49,290 | $76,590 | $128,300 |
| South Carolina | 15,270 | $50,370 | $76,560 | $131,220 |
| Montana | 4,730 | $49,250 | $75,810 | $125,290 |
| North Dakota | 4,430 | $49,330 | $75,730 | $124,960 |
| Kentucky | 11,930 | $50,750 | $75,270 | $121,230 |
| Alabama | 24,300 | $50,240 | $74,880 | $123,170 |
| Idaho | 5,570 | $48,170 | $74,730 | $121,820 |
| Hawaii | 4,670 | $49,860 | $74,500 | $117,840 |
| Louisiana | 14,050 | $48,950 | $73,810 | $117,110 |
| West Virginia | 4,900 | $49,240 | $73,320 | $115,210 |
| Nebraska | 10,340 | $48,590 | $72,080 | $114,530 |
| Mississippi | 7,350 | $45,440 | $68,100 | $120,290 |
| Arkansas | 7,870 | $45,810 | $66,330 | $119,520 |
51 states with published estimates.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — state estimates. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Not yet collected
These dimensions are part of every job page. We publish them only once they are sourced from official documents such as job postings, pay plans, union contracts and state standards.
- 05 ProbationNot yet collectedProbation length and what ends it
- 09 Benefits and pensionNot yet collectedPension plan and formula, retirement age and years, DROP, retiree health, Social Security coverage, 457(b) and PSLF eligibility
- 10 Union contractsNot yet collectedBargaining unit, union and the current contract, with its source and effective dates
- 11 Transfers and lateral entryNot yet collectedLateral entry policy, certification reciprocity, lateral bonuses and moves between agencies
- 15 Employer directoryNot yet collectedEvery public employer that hires this job, with its own pay and rules