Job title · SOC 21-1021, 21-1029

Social Worker (government)

Also known as: social worker

01

Overview

Sourced

Provide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children and their families and to maximize the family well-being and the academic functioning of children. May assist parents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes for abandoned or abused children. In schools, they address such problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. May also advise teachers.

O*NET definition of Child, Family, and School Social Workers (SOC 21-1021) · Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed.

All social workers not listed separately.

O*NET definition of Social Workers, All Other (SOC 21-1029).

218,280
in government (SOC 21-1021)
56%
of this occupation works for government
$65,660
median pay in government
State · Local · Federal
levels of government

Occupation figures cover every job classified under SOC 21-1021, including Adult Protective Services Worker, Child Protective Services (CPS) Caseworker, School Social Worker.

Titles employers use

Case ManagerFamily Protection SpecialistFamily Service WorkerSchool Social WorkerAdoption Social WorkerCase WorkerChild Protective Services Social Worker (CPS Social Worker)Family Resource CoordinatorFoster Care Social WorkerYouth Services Specialist
How people usually get in Editorial
BSW/MSW; LCSW for clinical. Requirements vary by employer; each employer page will list its exact rules.

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership; U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database; GovJobs Wiki (editorial). Data captured September 30, 2026.

02

Requirements

Sourced
Typical entry requirements (BLS, SOC 21-1021)
Education needed to enter
Bachelor's degree
Related work experience
None
On-the-job training
None
Typical entry requirements (BLS, SOC 21-1029)
Education needed to enter
Bachelor's degree
Related work experience
None
On-the-job training
None

Education workers say the job requires

Associate's Degree or other 2-year degree
6%
Bachelor's Degree
69%
Master's Degree
26%

Share of surveyed workers in Child, Family, and School Social Workers (SOC 21-1021) naming each level as required to be hired, 23 respondents, O*NET survey August 2018. Each employer sets its own minimum.

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4); U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.

03

How to get hired

Sourced

Social workers typically need a bachelor's or master's degree in social work. They also may need a license; specific requirements vary by state.

Clinical social workers need a master's degree, supervised clinical experience, and a license from the state in which they practice.

From the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook profile “Social Workers”, published August 27, 2026 · Read the full profile. National guidance; each employer runs its own hiring process.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–35 edition (XML compilation). Data captured September 30, 2026.

04

Academy and training

Sourced
Training to become competent (BLS)
SOC 21-1021
None
SOC 21-1029
None
Preparation level (O*NET)
Job zone
Considerable Preparation Needed

Academy length, curriculum and paid-training policies are set by each employer and state; they are part of the employer collection stage.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4). Data captured September 30, 2026.

06

Promotion ladder

Editorial

Civil-service class series: civil-service class series I → II → III → senior → supervisor → manager, each with a salary range. Typical structure for a civil-service class series; titles, steps and timing differ by employer.

  1. Trainee / Assistant
  2. Level I
  3. Level II (journey)
  4. Level III / Senior
  5. Lead / Principal
  6. Supervisor
  7. Manager
  8. Director / Division Chief

Source: GovJobs Wiki (editorial).

07

Pay

Sourced

Child, Family, and School Social Workers (SOC 21-1021)

Federal
Not published
State
$62,430
Local
$67,310
All government
$65,660
Private sector
$50,990

Median annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.

Employer typeWorkers10th pct.25thMedian75th90th
State77,520$44,970$51,090$62,430$77,460$93,280
Local140,760$47,570$57,640$67,310$83,550$103,050
All government218,280$46,610$53,390$65,660$81,100$100,820
Private sector174,270$38,560$45,210$50,990$61,790$77,120

Social Workers, All Other (SOC 21-1029)

Federal
$105,660
State
$59,840
Local
$72,290
All government
$84,350
Private sector
$51,260

Median annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.

Employer typeWorkers10th pct.25thMedian75th90th
Federal20,110$83,840$93,250$105,660$118,100$129,900
State9,530$44,810$51,500$59,840$72,020$81,890
Local14,100$47,900$57,810$72,290$81,530$98,270
All government43,740$50,000$62,830$84,350$105,250$121,040
Private sector19,200$36,160$43,800$51,260$61,150$74,400

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership. Data captured September 30, 2026.

State government pay plans

Official pay ranges for the job classes that match Social Worker (government) in 38 state civil-service plans. They cover state employees only, not cities, counties or school districts.

StateJob classes in the state planAnnual range
AlabamaPublic Health Social Worker, Pub Health Social WKR SR, Social Worker I–II, Senior Social Worker I–II
6 classes · effective September 1, 2026 · Alabama State Personnel Department
$37,238 – $85,966
ArizonaSocial Worker, Social Worker Senior$43,981 – $92,573
ArkansasSocial Services Specialist, Licensed Social Worker, Licensed Master Social Worker, Licensed Clinical Social Worker$52,137 – $105,120
CaliforniaClinical Social Worker (Health Facility), Clinical Social Worker (Health/Correctional Facility)-Safety, Psychiatric Social Worker
3 classes · effective September 14, 2026 · California Department of Human Resources (CalHR)
$62,256 – $126,828
ColoradoSocial Services Specialist I–VI$48,912 – $162,708
ConnecticutSocial Worker Trainee - Social And Human Services, Licensed Master Social Worker (35 Hour), Social Worker - Health Care Professional (35 Hour), +7 more$63,596 – $122,474
GeorgiaSocial Worker, NonLicensed 1–3, Social Worker, NonLicensed 1 Non Exempt, Social Worker, NonLicensed 2 Non Exempt, +5 more$33,042 – $73,288
HawaiiSocial Worker II–VII$56,700 – $129,276
IdahoSocial Worker
1 class · effective June 8, 2025 · Idaho Division of Human Resources
$51,314 – $102,627
IllinoisSocial Worker Intern, Social Worker I–IV
5 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Illinois Department of Central Management Services
$68,436 – $140,784
IndianaSocial Services Specialist 4–2$39,000 – $68,614
IowaSocial Worker 2–6
7 classes · effective June 19, 2026 · Iowa Department of Administrative Services
$50,232 – $94,765
LouisianaSocial Services Specialist 1–2, Social Worker 1–7, Social Worker 5--B, +3 more
11 classes · effective March 2, 2026 · Louisiana Department of State Civil Service
$39,000 – $112,840
MaineClinical Social Worker$56,867 – $79,747
MarylandSocial Worker I, Criminal Justice, Social Worker I, Health SVCS, Social Worker I, Health SVCS, Ci, +4 more
12 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Maryland Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
$67,309 – $120,814
MassachusettsSocial Worker I–IV, Clinical Social Worker (A/B), Clinical Social Worker (C), Clinical Social Worker (D)
14 classes · effective July 12, 2026 · Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Human Resources Division (HRD)
$69,804 – $126,157
MichiganClinical Social Worker-E, Clinical Social Worker-A
2 classes · effective October 1, 2026 · Michigan Civil Service Commission
$68,890 – $117,707
MinnesotaSocial Worker, Social Worker Senior
2 classes · effective July 2, 2026 · Minnesota Management and Budget (MMB)
$50,752 – $78,853
MississippiSocial Services Specialist I–III
3 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Mississippi State Personnel Board
$28,542 – $64,364
MissouriAssociate Social Services Specialist, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Senior Social Services Specialist, Social Services Specialist
4 classes · effective July 1, 2025 · Missouri Office of Administration, Division of Personnel
$34,992 – $80,496
NebraskaSocial Worker I–II$47,210 – $74,805
NevadaSocial Worker I–III, Clinical Social Worker I–III$59,508 – $120,394
New JerseySocial Worker Trainee, Social Worker 2–1
3 classes · effective July 11, 2026 · New Jersey Civil Service Commission
$53,282 – $92,953
New MexicoSocial Worker, Senior Social Worker$47,050 – $77,633
New YorkSocial Worker 1, Licensed Master Social Worker, Licensed Clinical Social Worker
3 classes · effective April 1, 2026 · New York State Department of Civil Service
$69,964 – $114,585
North CarolinaSocial Worker
1 class · effective February 1, 2026 · North Carolina Office of State Human Resources (OSHR)
$45,431 – $79,504
OhioSocial Worker 1–2$57,158 – $78,520
OklahomaSocial Services Specialist I–IV, Clinical Social Worker I–IV$27,320 – $178,547
OregonSocial Services Specialist 2, Psychiatric Social Worker$65,436 – $142,956
PennsylvaniaSocial Worker 1–2
2 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Office of Administration
$53,008 – $98,144
South CarolinaSocial Worker$46,206 – $78,540
TennesseeSocial Services Specialist 1–2, Social Worker 1–2, Psychiatric Social Worker 1–2
6 classes · effective September 1, 2026 · Tennessee Department of Human Resources
$43,572 – $108,060
TexasSocial Worker I–IV
4 classes · effective September 1, 2025 · Texas State Auditor's Office (SAO), State Classification Team
$42,976 – $99,658
UtahSocial Worker, USDB, Social Worker$44,990 – $263,370
VermontPsychiatric Social Worker I–II, Clinical Social Worker
3 classes · effective July 12, 2026 · Vermont Department of Human Resources
$61,838 – $102,856
WashingtonSocial Worker 1 - Academic Medical Centers, Social Worker 2 - Academic Medical Centers, Psychiatric Social Worker 1–4$56,952 – $154,488
West VirginiaSocial Worker 1–3$32,862 – $61,628
WisconsinSocial Worker, Social Services Specialist, Social Worker-Advanced, Social Worker-Senior$42,078 – $135,054

Lowest class minimum to highest class maximum. Hourly rates are converted at 2,080 hours a year, and other rates at the plan's pay periods; the plans publish the exact rates. Classes are matched to this job by title (GovJobsWiki editorial rule).

Sources: 38 official state pay plans, linked in each row.

08

Schedule

Sourced
Work schedule
Seasonal
0%
Typical work week
Less than 40 hours
0%
40 hours
57%
More than 40 hours
43%

Share of surveyed workers in the occupation (O*NET work context, August 2018). Shift patterns and differentials depend on the employer.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.

12

Day-to-day work

Sourced
  1. Maintain case history records and prepare reports.4.6
  2. Interview clients individually, in families, or in groups, assessing their situations, capabilities, and problems to determine what services are required to meet their needs.4.5
  3. Serve as liaisons between students, homes, schools, family services, child guidance clinics, courts, protective services, doctors, and other contacts to help children who face problems, such as disabilities, abuse, or poverty.4.4
  4. Develop and review service plans in consultation with clients and perform follow-ups assessing the quantity and quality of services provided.4.3
  5. Consult with parents, teachers, and other school personnel to determine causes of problems, such as truancy and misbehavior, and to implement solutions.4.2
  6. Counsel parents with child rearing problems, interviewing the child and family to determine whether further action is required.4.2
  7. Address legal issues, such as child abuse and discipline, assisting with hearings and providing testimony to inform custody arrangements.4.2
  8. Arrange for medical, psychiatric, and other tests that may disclose causes of difficulties and indicate remedial measures.4.2
  9. Refer clients to community resources for services, such as job placement, debt counseling, legal aid, housing, medical treatment, or financial assistance, and provide concrete information, such as where to go and how to apply.4.0
  10. Counsel individuals, groups, families, or communities regarding issues including mental health, poverty, unemployment, substance abuse, physical abuse, rehabilitation, social adjustment, child care, or medical care.4.0

The 10 most important of 12 core tasks for Child, Family, and School Social Workers, ranked by importance (1–5) in the O*NET survey of August 2018.

Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.

13Derived
14

Exams and free practice tests

Sourced
ExamAdministered byUsed inTypeOfficial page
ASWB Social Work Licensing Examinations (Bachelors, Masters, Advanced Generalist, Clinical)
122 questions (110 scored, 12 unscored) of three- and four-option multiple choice; 4-hour time limit; taken at a Pearson test center; based on the 2026 blueprint.
Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB)USlicensingOfficial page

Each exam is checked against its administrator's official page. Employers choose which exam they use; confirm with the hiring agency.

Source: Exam administrators and hiring authorities (per record), Official exam administrator pages. Data captured September 30, 2026.

Free practice tests

State versions: 6 states. Pick yours:

Source: Open Exam Prep, Open Exam Prep free practice tests. Data captured October 1, 2026. Each link was opened and its exam title checked on the date shown.

16

By state

Sourced

Median annual wage for Child, Family, and School Social Workers (SOC 21-1021) in each state, all employers (BLS state estimates do not separate government from private). Highest first.

StateWorkers10th pct.Median90th pct.
Connecticut5,230$48,660$78,970$109,980
Maryland4,710$41,240$76,390$105,570
New Jersey7,360$47,830$76,280$109,420
Massachusetts10,900$48,140$75,570$104,060
Washington10,720$48,750$74,480$98,100
District of Columbia2,430$53,020$73,550$113,440
New Hampshire1,700$41,150$71,010$101,570
Rhode Island2,450$42,560$69,870$97,730
Hawaii1,170$46,840$68,270$93,430
Minnesota6,540$47,890$67,450$99,320
Vermont640$47,270$67,340$84,140
California60,310$45,360$65,200$103,050
New York30,170$48,400$65,100$100,100
North Dakota870$47,130$64,560$81,160
Oregon6,630$47,760$64,130$89,220
Colorado8,200$45,980$63,720$102,990
Maine2,000$50,110$63,290$84,090
Illinois19,860$47,120$63,220$105,660
Alaska1,260$45,330$62,630$91,240
Virginia9,410$45,060$61,330$95,360
Nevada4,030$45,960$61,080$98,010
Idaho810$37,990$59,840$81,650
North Carolina13,010$42,870$59,610$76,950
Wisconsin5,710$44,400$59,280$80,900
Michigan15,760$41,260$59,270$81,100
Kentucky8,470$39,210$59,100$78,660
Louisiana1,110$35,260$56,800$75,110
Montana1,250$39,250$56,780$72,000
Florida14,000$39,760$56,550$79,580
Wyoming710$34,280$56,420$74,870
Tennessee7,870$39,650$56,310$77,230
New Mexico2,990$36,920$56,160$101,600
Texas21,670$37,230$55,680$73,670
Kansas3,190$43,690$54,300$69,970
Iowa3,410$39,240$52,250$81,170
West Virginia2,380$38,410$52,220$66,980
Utah1,930$36,040$52,000$98,800
South Carolina5,520$38,530$51,800$77,390
Ohio16,050$39,810$51,520$75,850
South Dakota2,050$39,150$51,100$67,310
Pennsylvania16,200$38,430$50,820$78,470
Indiana6,690$38,270$50,470$72,140
Arizona7,560$40,420$50,150$65,900
Delaware910$44,440$48,520$73,580
Missouri9,620$37,200$48,520$65,230
Nebraska4,830$41,620$47,770$64,750
Georgia7,110$35,690$47,510$83,380
Alabama4,220$37,780$46,660$72,490
Mississippi3,310$33,590$46,530$62,130
Oklahoma6,500$37,560$43,950$59,540
Arkansas1,150$36,070$43,330$59,470

51 states with published estimates.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — state estimates. Data captured September 30, 2026.

Not yet collected

These dimensions are part of every job page. We publish them only once they are sourced from official documents such as job postings, pay plans, union contracts and state standards.

  • 05 Probation
    Probation length and what ends it
    Not yet collected
  • 09 Benefits and pension
    Pension plan and formula, retirement age and years, DROP, retiree health, Social Security coverage, 457(b) and PSLF eligibility
    Not yet collected
  • 10 Union contracts
    Bargaining unit, union and the current contract, with its source and effective dates
    Not yet collected
  • 11 Transfers and lateral entry
    Lateral entry policy, certification reciprocity, lateral bonuses and moves between agencies
    Not yet collected
  • 15 Employer directory
    Every public employer that hires this job, with its own pay and rules
    Not yet collected