Overview
SourcedProvide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children and their families and to maximize the family well-being and the academic functioning of children. May assist parents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes for abandoned or abused children. In schools, they address such problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. May also advise teachers.
O*NET definition of Child, Family, and School Social Workers (SOC 21-1021) · Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed.
All social workers not listed separately.
O*NET definition of Social Workers, All Other (SOC 21-1029).
Occupation figures cover every job classified under SOC 21-1021, including Adult Protective Services Worker, Child Protective Services (CPS) Caseworker, School Social Worker.
Titles employers use
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership; U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database; GovJobs Wiki (editorial). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Requirements
Sourced- Education needed to enter
- Bachelor's degree
- Related work experience
- None
- On-the-job training
- None
- Education needed to enter
- Bachelor's degree
- Related work experience
- None
- On-the-job training
- None
Education workers say the job requires
Share of surveyed workers in Child, Family, and School Social Workers (SOC 21-1021) naming each level as required to be hired, 23 respondents, O*NET survey August 2018. Each employer sets its own minimum.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4); U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
How to get hired
SourcedSocial workers typically need a bachelor's or master's degree in social work. They also may need a license; specific requirements vary by state.
Clinical social workers need a master's degree, supervised clinical experience, and a license from the state in which they practice.
From the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook profile “Social Workers”, published August 27, 2026 · Read the full profile. National guidance; each employer runs its own hiring process.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–35 edition (XML compilation). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Academy and training
Sourced- SOC 21-1021
- None
- SOC 21-1029
- None
- Job zone
- Considerable Preparation Needed
Academy length, curriculum and paid-training policies are set by each employer and state; they are part of the employer collection stage.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Promotion ladder
EditorialCivil-service class series: civil-service class series I → II → III → senior → supervisor → manager, each with a salary range. Typical structure for a civil-service class series; titles, steps and timing differ by employer.
- Trainee / Assistant
- Level I
- Level II (journey)
- Level III / Senior
- Lead / Principal
- Supervisor
- Manager
- Director / Division Chief
Source: GovJobs Wiki (editorial).
Pay
SourcedChild, Family, and School Social Workers (SOC 21-1021)
Median annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.
| Employer type | Workers | 10th pct. | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | 77,520 | $44,970 | $51,090 | $62,430 | $77,460 | $93,280 |
| Local | 140,760 | $47,570 | $57,640 | $67,310 | $83,550 | $103,050 |
| All government | 218,280 | $46,610 | $53,390 | $65,660 | $81,100 | $100,820 |
| Private sector | 174,270 | $38,560 | $45,210 | $50,990 | $61,790 | $77,120 |
Social Workers, All Other (SOC 21-1029)
Median annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.
| Employer type | Workers | 10th pct. | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal | 20,110 | $83,840 | $93,250 | $105,660 | $118,100 | $129,900 |
| State | 9,530 | $44,810 | $51,500 | $59,840 | $72,020 | $81,890 |
| Local | 14,100 | $47,900 | $57,810 | $72,290 | $81,530 | $98,270 |
| All government | 43,740 | $50,000 | $62,830 | $84,350 | $105,250 | $121,040 |
| Private sector | 19,200 | $36,160 | $43,800 | $51,260 | $61,150 | $74,400 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership. Data captured September 30, 2026.
State government pay plans
Official pay ranges for the job classes that match Social Worker (government) in 38 state civil-service plans. They cover state employees only, not cities, counties or school districts.
| State | Job classes in the state plan | Annual range |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Public Health Social Worker, Pub Health Social WKR SR, Social Worker I–II, Senior Social Worker I–II 6 classes · effective September 1, 2026 · Alabama State Personnel Department | $37,238 – $85,966 |
| Arizona | Social Worker, Social Worker Senior 2 classes · effective July 9, 2022 · Arizona Department of Administration, Human Resources Division | $43,981 – $92,573 |
| Arkansas | Social Services Specialist, Licensed Social Worker, Licensed Master Social Worker, Licensed Clinical Social Worker 4 classes · effective July 1, 2025 · Arkansas Department of Shared Administrative Services, Office of Personnel Management | $52,137 – $105,120 |
| California | Clinical Social Worker (Health Facility), Clinical Social Worker (Health/Correctional Facility)-Safety, Psychiatric Social Worker 3 classes · effective September 14, 2026 · California Department of Human Resources (CalHR) | $62,256 – $126,828 |
| Colorado | Social Services Specialist I–VI 6 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Colorado Department of Personnel & Administration, Division of Human Resources (DHR) | $48,912 – $162,708 |
| Connecticut | Social Worker Trainee - Social And Human Services, Licensed Master Social Worker (35 Hour), Social Worker - Health Care Professional (35 Hour), +7 more 10 classes · effective June 26, 2026 · Connecticut Department of Administrative Services (DAS), Statewide Human Resources | $63,596 – $122,474 |
| Georgia | Social Worker, NonLicensed 1–3, Social Worker, NonLicensed 1 Non Exempt, Social Worker, NonLicensed 2 Non Exempt, +5 more 14 classes · effective July 10, 2024 · Georgia Department of Administrative Services (DOAS), Human Resources Administration — Compensation | $33,042 – $73,288 |
| Hawaii | Social Worker II–VII 6 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · State of Hawaiʻi Department of Human Resources Development (DHRD) | $56,700 – $129,276 |
| Idaho | Social Worker 1 class · effective June 8, 2025 · Idaho Division of Human Resources | $51,314 – $102,627 |
| Illinois | Social Worker Intern, Social Worker I–IV 5 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Illinois Department of Central Management Services | $68,436 – $140,784 |
| Indiana | Social Services Specialist 4–2 3 classes · Indiana State Personnel Department | $39,000 – $68,614 |
| Iowa | Social Worker 2–6 7 classes · effective June 19, 2026 · Iowa Department of Administrative Services | $50,232 – $94,765 |
| Louisiana | Social Services Specialist 1–2, Social Worker 1–7, Social Worker 5--B, +3 more 11 classes · effective March 2, 2026 · Louisiana Department of State Civil Service | $39,000 – $112,840 |
| Maine | Clinical Social Worker 1 class · effective August 30, 2026 · Maine Department of Administrative and Financial Services, Bureau of Human Resources | $56,867 – $79,747 |
| Maryland | Social Worker I, Criminal Justice, Social Worker I, Health SVCS, Social Worker I, Health SVCS, Ci, +4 more 12 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Maryland Department of Budget and Management (DBM) | $67,309 – $120,814 |
| Massachusetts | Social Worker I–IV, Clinical Social Worker (A/B), Clinical Social Worker (C), Clinical Social Worker (D) 14 classes · effective July 12, 2026 · Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Human Resources Division (HRD) | $69,804 – $126,157 |
| Michigan | Clinical Social Worker-E, Clinical Social Worker-A 2 classes · effective October 1, 2026 · Michigan Civil Service Commission | $68,890 – $117,707 |
| Minnesota | Social Worker, Social Worker Senior 2 classes · effective July 2, 2026 · Minnesota Management and Budget (MMB) | $50,752 – $78,853 |
| Mississippi | Social Services Specialist I–III 3 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Mississippi State Personnel Board | $28,542 – $64,364 |
| Missouri | Associate Social Services Specialist, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Senior Social Services Specialist, Social Services Specialist 4 classes · effective July 1, 2025 · Missouri Office of Administration, Division of Personnel | $34,992 – $80,496 |
| Nebraska | Social Worker I–II 2 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Nebraska Department of Administrative Services, State Personnel Division | $47,210 – $74,805 |
| Nevada | Social Worker I–III, Clinical Social Worker I–III 6 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Nevada Department of Administration, Division of Human Resource Management (DHRM) | $59,508 – $120,394 |
| New Jersey | Social Worker Trainee, Social Worker 2–1 3 classes · effective July 11, 2026 · New Jersey Civil Service Commission | $53,282 – $92,953 |
| New Mexico | Social Worker, Senior Social Worker 2 classes · effective July 4, 2026 · New Mexico State Personnel Office (SPO), Compensation and Classification | $47,050 – $77,633 |
| New York | Social Worker 1, Licensed Master Social Worker, Licensed Clinical Social Worker 3 classes · effective April 1, 2026 · New York State Department of Civil Service | $69,964 – $114,585 |
| North Carolina | Social Worker 1 class · effective February 1, 2026 · North Carolina Office of State Human Resources (OSHR) | $45,431 – $79,504 |
| Ohio | Social Worker 1–2 2 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Ohio Department of Administrative Services (DAS), Classification & Compensation | $57,158 – $78,520 |
| Oklahoma | Social Services Specialist I–IV, Clinical Social Worker I–IV 8 classes · effective August 30, 2026 · Oklahoma Office of Management and Enterprise Services (OMES), Human Capital Management | $27,320 – $178,547 |
| Oregon | Social Services Specialist 2, Psychiatric Social Worker | $65,436 – $142,956 |
| Pennsylvania | Social Worker 1–2 2 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Office of Administration | $53,008 – $98,144 |
| South Carolina | Social Worker | $46,206 – $78,540 |
| Tennessee | Social Services Specialist 1–2, Social Worker 1–2, Psychiatric Social Worker 1–2 6 classes · effective September 1, 2026 · Tennessee Department of Human Resources | $43,572 – $108,060 |
| Texas | Social Worker I–IV 4 classes · effective September 1, 2025 · Texas State Auditor's Office (SAO), State Classification Team | $42,976 – $99,658 |
| Utah | Social Worker, USDB, Social Worker 2 classes · effective June 21, 2025 · Utah Department of Government Operations, Division of Human Resource Management (DHRM) | $44,990 – $263,370 |
| Vermont | Psychiatric Social Worker I–II, Clinical Social Worker 3 classes · effective July 12, 2026 · Vermont Department of Human Resources | $61,838 – $102,856 |
| Washington | Social Worker 1 - Academic Medical Centers, Social Worker 2 - Academic Medical Centers, Psychiatric Social Worker 1–4 6 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Washington Office of Financial Management (OFM), State Human Resources | $56,952 – $154,488 |
| West Virginia | Social Worker 1–3 3 classes · effective August 24, 2024 · West Virginia Department of Administration, Division of Personnel | $32,862 – $61,628 |
| Wisconsin | Social Worker, Social Services Specialist, Social Worker-Advanced, Social Worker-Senior 4 classes · effective June 28, 2026 · Wisconsin Department of Administration, Division of Personnel Management | $42,078 – $135,054 |
Lowest class minimum to highest class maximum. Hourly rates are converted at 2,080 hours a year, and other rates at the plan's pay periods; the plans publish the exact rates. Classes are matched to this job by title (GovJobsWiki editorial rule).
Sources: 38 official state pay plans, linked in each row.
Schedule
SourcedShare of surveyed workers in the occupation (O*NET work context, August 2018). Shift patterns and differentials depend on the employer.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Day-to-day work
Sourced- Maintain case history records and prepare reports.4.6
- Interview clients individually, in families, or in groups, assessing their situations, capabilities, and problems to determine what services are required to meet their needs.4.5
- Serve as liaisons between students, homes, schools, family services, child guidance clinics, courts, protective services, doctors, and other contacts to help children who face problems, such as disabilities, abuse, or poverty.4.4
- Develop and review service plans in consultation with clients and perform follow-ups assessing the quantity and quality of services provided.4.3
- Consult with parents, teachers, and other school personnel to determine causes of problems, such as truancy and misbehavior, and to implement solutions.4.2
- Counsel parents with child rearing problems, interviewing the child and family to determine whether further action is required.4.2
- Address legal issues, such as child abuse and discipline, assisting with hearings and providing testimony to inform custody arrangements.4.2
- Arrange for medical, psychiatric, and other tests that may disclose causes of difficulties and indicate remedial measures.4.2
- Refer clients to community resources for services, such as job placement, debt counseling, legal aid, housing, medical treatment, or financial assistance, and provide concrete information, such as where to go and how to apply.4.0
- Counsel individuals, groups, families, or communities regarding issues including mental health, poverty, unemployment, substance abuse, physical abuse, rehabilitation, social adjustment, child care, or medical care.4.0
The 10 most important of 12 core tasks for Child, Family, and School Social Workers, ranked by importance (1–5) in the O*NET survey of August 2018.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Related jobs
DerivedExams and free practice tests
Sourced| Exam | Administered by | Used in | Type | Official page |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASWB Social Work Licensing Examinations (Bachelors, Masters, Advanced Generalist, Clinical) 122 questions (110 scored, 12 unscored) of three- and four-option multiple choice; 4-hour time limit; taken at a Pearson test center; based on the 2026 blueprint. | Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) | US | licensing | Official page |
Each exam is checked against its administrator's official page. Employers choose which exam they use; confirm with the hiring agency.
Source: Exam administrators and hiring authorities (per record), Official exam administrator pages. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Free practice tests
ASWB Advanced Generalist Examination
Practice for a named exam · free on Open Exam PrepASWB Bachelors Examination (BSW-Level Licensure)
Practice for a named exam · free on Open Exam PrepASWB Clinical Examination (LCSW Licensure)
Practice for a named exam · free on Open Exam PrepASWB Masters Examination (MSW-Level Licensure)
Practice for a named exam · free on Open Exam PrepASWB Social Work Licensing Examination Program
Practice for a named exam · free on Open Exam Prep
State versions: 6 states. Pick yours:
Source: Open Exam Prep, Open Exam Prep free practice tests. Data captured October 1, 2026. Each link was opened and its exam title checked on the date shown.
By state
SourcedMedian annual wage for Child, Family, and School Social Workers (SOC 21-1021) in each state, all employers (BLS state estimates do not separate government from private). Highest first.
| State | Workers | 10th pct. | Median | 90th pct. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut | 5,230 | $48,660 | $78,970 | $109,980 |
| Maryland | 4,710 | $41,240 | $76,390 | $105,570 |
| New Jersey | 7,360 | $47,830 | $76,280 | $109,420 |
| Massachusetts | 10,900 | $48,140 | $75,570 | $104,060 |
| Washington | 10,720 | $48,750 | $74,480 | $98,100 |
| District of Columbia | 2,430 | $53,020 | $73,550 | $113,440 |
| New Hampshire | 1,700 | $41,150 | $71,010 | $101,570 |
| Rhode Island | 2,450 | $42,560 | $69,870 | $97,730 |
| Hawaii | 1,170 | $46,840 | $68,270 | $93,430 |
| Minnesota | 6,540 | $47,890 | $67,450 | $99,320 |
| Vermont | 640 | $47,270 | $67,340 | $84,140 |
| California | 60,310 | $45,360 | $65,200 | $103,050 |
| New York | 30,170 | $48,400 | $65,100 | $100,100 |
| North Dakota | 870 | $47,130 | $64,560 | $81,160 |
| Oregon | 6,630 | $47,760 | $64,130 | $89,220 |
| Colorado | 8,200 | $45,980 | $63,720 | $102,990 |
| Maine | 2,000 | $50,110 | $63,290 | $84,090 |
| Illinois | 19,860 | $47,120 | $63,220 | $105,660 |
| Alaska | 1,260 | $45,330 | $62,630 | $91,240 |
| Virginia | 9,410 | $45,060 | $61,330 | $95,360 |
| Nevada | 4,030 | $45,960 | $61,080 | $98,010 |
| Idaho | 810 | $37,990 | $59,840 | $81,650 |
| North Carolina | 13,010 | $42,870 | $59,610 | $76,950 |
| Wisconsin | 5,710 | $44,400 | $59,280 | $80,900 |
| Michigan | 15,760 | $41,260 | $59,270 | $81,100 |
| Kentucky | 8,470 | $39,210 | $59,100 | $78,660 |
| Louisiana | 1,110 | $35,260 | $56,800 | $75,110 |
| Montana | 1,250 | $39,250 | $56,780 | $72,000 |
| Florida | 14,000 | $39,760 | $56,550 | $79,580 |
| Wyoming | 710 | $34,280 | $56,420 | $74,870 |
| Tennessee | 7,870 | $39,650 | $56,310 | $77,230 |
| New Mexico | 2,990 | $36,920 | $56,160 | $101,600 |
| Texas | 21,670 | $37,230 | $55,680 | $73,670 |
| Kansas | 3,190 | $43,690 | $54,300 | $69,970 |
| Iowa | 3,410 | $39,240 | $52,250 | $81,170 |
| West Virginia | 2,380 | $38,410 | $52,220 | $66,980 |
| Utah | 1,930 | $36,040 | $52,000 | $98,800 |
| South Carolina | 5,520 | $38,530 | $51,800 | $77,390 |
| Ohio | 16,050 | $39,810 | $51,520 | $75,850 |
| South Dakota | 2,050 | $39,150 | $51,100 | $67,310 |
| Pennsylvania | 16,200 | $38,430 | $50,820 | $78,470 |
| Indiana | 6,690 | $38,270 | $50,470 | $72,140 |
| Arizona | 7,560 | $40,420 | $50,150 | $65,900 |
| Delaware | 910 | $44,440 | $48,520 | $73,580 |
| Missouri | 9,620 | $37,200 | $48,520 | $65,230 |
| Nebraska | 4,830 | $41,620 | $47,770 | $64,750 |
| Georgia | 7,110 | $35,690 | $47,510 | $83,380 |
| Alabama | 4,220 | $37,780 | $46,660 | $72,490 |
| Mississippi | 3,310 | $33,590 | $46,530 | $62,130 |
| Oklahoma | 6,500 | $37,560 | $43,950 | $59,540 |
| Arkansas | 1,150 | $36,070 | $43,330 | $59,470 |
51 states with published estimates.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — state estimates. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Not yet collected
These dimensions are part of every job page. We publish them only once they are sourced from official documents such as job postings, pay plans, union contracts and state standards.
- 05 ProbationNot yet collectedProbation length and what ends it
- 09 Benefits and pensionNot yet collectedPension plan and formula, retirement age and years, DROP, retiree health, Social Security coverage, 457(b) and PSLF eligibility
- 10 Union contractsNot yet collectedBargaining unit, union and the current contract, with its source and effective dates
- 11 Transfers and lateral entryNot yet collectedLateral entry policy, certification reciprocity, lateral bonuses and moves between agencies
- 15 Employer directoryNot yet collectedEvery public employer that hires this job, with its own pay and rules