Overview
SourcedManage, improve, and protect natural resources to maximize their use without damaging the environment. May conduct soil surveys and develop plans to eliminate soil erosion or to protect rangelands. May instruct farmers, agricultural production managers, or ranchers in best ways to use crop rotation, contour plowing, or terracing to conserve soil and water; in the number and kind of livestock and forage plants best suited to particular ranges; and in range and farm improvements, such as fencing and reservoirs for stock watering.
O*NET definition of Conservation Scientists (SOC 19-1031) · Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed.
All protective service workers not listed separately.
O*NET definition of Protective Service Workers, All Other (SOC 33-9099).
Occupation figures cover every job classified under SOC 19-1031, including Community Service Officer (civilian police), Soil Conservationist / Conservation Scientist.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership; U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database; GovJobs Wiki (editorial). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Requirements
Sourced- Education needed to enter
- Bachelor's degree
- Related work experience
- None
- On-the-job training
- None
- Education needed to enter
- High school diploma or equivalent
- Related work experience
- None
- On-the-job training
- Short-term on-the-job training
Education workers say the job requires
Share of surveyed workers in Conservation Scientists (SOC 19-1031) naming each level as required to be hired, 23 respondents, O*NET survey August 2022. Each employer sets its own minimum.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4); U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
How to get hired
SourcedConservation scientists and foresters typically need a bachelor's degree in forestry, natural resources, or a related field.
From the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook profile “Conservation Scientists and Foresters”, published August 27, 2026 · Read the full profile. National guidance; each employer runs its own hiring process.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–35 edition (XML compilation). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Academy and training
Sourced- SOC 19-1031
- None
- SOC 33-9099
- Short-term on-the-job training
- Job zone
- Considerable Preparation Needed
Academy length, curriculum and paid-training policies are set by each employer and state; they are part of the employer collection stage.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Promotion ladder
EditorialFederal grade and step: federal grade × step (GS/FWS/agency bands: FAA ATC, TSA SV, VA nurse, LEO special rates). Typical structure for a federal general schedule; titles, steps and timing differ by employer.
- GS/GL-5/7/9 entry (Pathways / recent grad; some law-enforcement jobs start higher, e.g. FBI special agents at GL-10)
- Career-ladder promotions to full-performance level (GS-9/11/12/13)
- GS-14/15 (competitive)
- Senior Executive Service
- within-grade steps 1–10 (steps 2–4 yearly, 5–7 every 2 yrs, 8–10 every 3 yrs)
- special rates: law-enforcement special base rates (GS-3–10); LEAP 25% premium for criminal investigators only
Source: GovJobs Wiki (editorial).
Pay
SourcedConservation Scientists (SOC 19-1031)
Median annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.
| Employer type | Workers | 10th pct. | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal | 6,970 | $61,110 | $71,280 | $88,610 | $106,330 | $129,960 |
| State | 5,590 | $44,570 | $54,060 | $68,180 | $83,760 | $99,470 |
| Local | 5,760 | $40,330 | $50,090 | $62,720 | $80,110 | $100,690 |
| All government | 18,320 | $47,680 | $59,070 | $73,920 | $93,430 | $112,260 |
| Private sector | 7,630 | $47,440 | $55,690 | $71,460 | $85,620 | $107,420 |
Protective Service Workers, All Other (SOC 33-9099)
Median annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.
| Employer type | Workers | 10th pct. | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal | 3,760 | $40,330 | $45,590 | $58,860 | $74,660 | $88,500 |
| State | 5,500 | $40,010 | $45,390 | $53,990 | $66,100 | $79,850 |
| Local | 40,570 | $34,010 | $36,340 | $42,890 | $52,790 | $71,100 |
| All government | 49,820 | $34,320 | $37,020 | $44,660 | $57,160 | $74,590 |
| Private sector | 31,680 | $29,440 | $34,610 | $38,210 | $50,080 | $74,370 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership. Data captured September 30, 2026.
State government pay plans
Official pay ranges for the job classes that match Park Ranger (NPS / state / county) in 32 state civil-service plans. They cover state employees only, not cities, counties or school districts.
| State | Job classes in the state plan | Annual range |
|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Park Ranger, Park Ranger, Senior, District Park Ranger 3 classes · effective September 1, 2026 · Alabama State Personnel Department | $32,887 – $73,954 |
| Arizona | Park Ranger, Park Ranger Senior 2 classes · effective July 9, 2022 · Arizona Department of Administration, Human Resources Division | $29,822 – $57,540 |
| Arkansas | Park Ranger 1 class · effective July 1, 2025 · Arkansas Department of Shared Administrative Services, Office of Personnel Management | $55,930 – $82,776 |
| California | State Park Peace Officer Cadet (Ranger), State Park Peace Officer (Ranger) 2 classes · effective September 14, 2026 · California Department of Human Resources (CalHR) | $52,428 – $105,624 |
| Florida | Park Ranger 1 class · effective July 1, 2026 · Florida Department of Management Services (DMS), State Human Resource Management | $40,000 – $54,509 |
| Georgia | Ranger 1–3, Ranger 1 Non Exempt, Ranger 2 Non Exempt, Ranger 3 Non Exempt 6 classes · effective July 10, 2024 · Georgia Department of Administrative Services (DOAS), Human Resources Administration — Compensation | $30,700 – $56,873 |
| Idaho | P&R Ranger 1 class · effective June 8, 2025 · Idaho Division of Human Resources | $44,200 – $88,379 |
| Illinois | Ranger, Senior Ranger 2 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Illinois Department of Central Management Services | $59,064 – $90,852 |
| Iowa | Park Ranger 1 class · effective June 19, 2026 · Iowa Department of Administrative Services | $70,574 – $106,018 |
| Kentucky | State Park Ranger I–II 2 classes · effective September 16, 2026 · Kentucky Personnel Cabinet | $36,426 – $42,742 |
| Louisiana | Park Ranger 1–2, Interpretive Ranger 1–3 5 classes · effective March 3, 2025 · Louisiana Department of State Civil Service | $35,006 – $78,790 |
| Maine | Asst Park Ranger, Park Ranger 2 classes · effective August 30, 2026 · Maine Department of Administrative and Financial Services, Bureau of Human Resources | $32,822 – $47,133 |
| Maryland | State Park Ranger Trainee, State Park Ranger I–II, State Park Ranger Lead 5 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Maryland Department of Budget and Management (DBM) | $55,710 – $106,155 |
| Massachusetts | Ranger I–III 3 classes · effective July 12, 2026 · Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Human Resources Division (HRD) | $53,822 – $90,544 |
| Michigan | Park And Recreation Ranger-E, Park And Recreation Ranger-A 2 classes · effective October 1, 2026 · Michigan Civil Service Commission | $45,822 – $72,010 |
| Missouri | Park Ranger, Park Ranger Recruit 2 classes · effective July 1, 2025 · Missouri Office of Administration, Division of Personnel | $34,992 – $67,512 |
| Nevada | Park Ranger I (Non-commissioned), Park Ranger II (Non-commissioned), Park Ranger III (Non-commissioned), +3 more 6 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Nevada Department of Administration, Division of Human Resource Management (DHRM) | $52,200 – $112,856 |
| New Jersey | State Park Police Officer 1 class · effective July 11, 2026 · New Jersey Civil Service Commission | $71,668 – $115,492 |
| New Mexico | Interpretive Ranger, Law Enforcement Park Ranger 2 classes · effective July 4, 2026 · New Mexico State Personnel Office (SPO), Compensation and Classification | $42,773 – $64,160 |
| New York | Park Ranger 2 2 classes · effective April 1, 2025 · New York State Department of Civil Service | $44,563 – $67,564 |
| North Carolina | Park Ranger I–II 2 classes · effective February 1, 2026 · North Carolina Office of State Human Resources (OSHR) | $45,506 – $78,271 |
| Oklahoma | Law Enforcement Park Ranger I–VI 6 classes · effective August 30, 2026 · Oklahoma Office of Management and Enterprise Services (OMES), Human Capital Management | $38,964 – $309,277 |
| Oregon | Park Ranger 1–3 | $49,488 – $84,456 |
| Pennsylvania | DCNR Ranger Trainee, DCNR Ranger 2 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Office of Administration | $48,300 – $79,450 |
| South Carolina | Park Ranger, Senior Park Ranger | $37,944 – $68,136 |
| Tennessee | Park Ranger 1–3 3 classes · effective September 1, 2026 · Tennessee Department of Human Resources | $54,744 – $91,752 |
| Texas | Park Ranger I–V, State Park Police Officer Trainee (Cadet), Probationary State Park Police Officer, State Park Police Officer 8 classes · effective September 1, 2025 · Texas State Auditor's Office (SAO), State Classification Team | $38,976 – $99,658 |
| Utah | Park Ranger I–II 2 classes · effective June 21, 2025 · Utah Department of Government Operations, Division of Human Resource Management (DHRM) | $45,490 – $78,790 |
| Washington | Park Ranger 1–4 4 classes · effective July 1, 2026 · Washington Office of Financial Management (OFM), State Human Resources | $52,872 – $108,228 |
| West Virginia | Park Ranger 1 class · effective August 24, 2024 · West Virginia Department of Administration, Division of Personnel | $35,702 – $61,628 |
| Wisconsin | Park Ranger, Ranger 2 classes · effective June 28, 2026 · Wisconsin Department of Administration, Division of Personnel Management | $42,078 – $135,054 |
| Wyoming | Park Ranger 1 class · effective July 1, 2026 · Wyoming Department of Administration & Information, Human Resources Division | $59,779 – $89,648 |
Lowest class minimum to highest class maximum. Hourly rates are converted at 2,080 hours a year, and other rates at the plan's pay periods; the plans publish the exact rates. Classes are matched to this job by title (GovJobsWiki editorial rule).
Sources: 32 official state pay plans, linked in each row.
Schedule
SourcedShare of surveyed workers in the occupation (O*NET work context, August 2022). Shift patterns and differentials depend on the employer.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Day-to-day work
Sourced- Apply principles of specialized fields of science, such as agronomy, soil science, forestry, or agriculture, to achieve conservation objectives.4.5
- Plan soil management or conservation practices, such as crop rotation, reforestation, permanent vegetation, contour plowing, or terracing, to maintain soil or conserve water.4.4
- Monitor projects during or after construction to ensure projects conform to design specifications.4.3
- Implement soil or water management techniques, such as nutrient management, erosion control, buffers, or filter strips, in accordance with conservation plans.4.2
- Advise land users, such as farmers or ranchers, on plans, problems, or alternative conservation solutions.4.2
- Compute design specifications for implementation of conservation practices, using survey or field information, technical guides or engineering manuals.4.2
- Gather information from geographic information systems (GIS) databases or applications to formulate land use recommendations.4.1
- Participate on work teams to plan, develop, or implement programs or policies for improving environmental habitats, wetlands, or groundwater or soil resources.4.1
- Compute cost estimates of different conservation practices, based on needs of land users, maintenance requirements, or life expectancy of practices.4.0
- Develop or maintain working relationships with local government staff or board members.4.0
The 10 most important of 29 core tasks for Conservation Scientists, ranked by importance (1–5) in the O*NET survey of August 2022.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Related jobs
DerivedBy state
SourcedMedian annual wage for Conservation Scientists (SOC 19-1031) in each state, all employers (BLS state estimates do not separate government from private). Highest first.
| State | Workers | 10th pct. | Median | 90th pct. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of Columbia | 110 | $66,130 | $99,400 | $142,430 |
| Colorado | 1,230 | $57,710 | $84,820 | $134,350 |
| Maryland | 470 | $57,760 | $83,290 | $128,610 |
| Idaho | 300 | $47,300 | $81,330 | $99,560 |
| Wyoming | 150 | $49,940 | $81,310 | $100,420 |
| Oregon | 1,020 | $61,110 | $80,790 | $130,400 |
| Louisiana | 190 | $29,520 | $80,190 | $136,990 |
| California | 2,110 | $53,650 | $79,810 | $132,060 |
| Wisconsin | 970 | $47,440 | $79,540 | $102,750 |
| Alaska | 290 | $53,830 | $79,260 | $135,120 |
| Utah | 410 | $55,090 | $78,850 | $104,000 |
| Massachusetts | 760 | $51,070 | $78,740 | $119,460 |
| Washington | 1,270 | $59,700 | $78,450 | $106,710 |
| Virginia | 480 | $45,910 | $77,380 | $161,470 |
| North Dakota | 340 | $51,470 | $77,280 | $109,300 |
| Alabama | 110 | $48,730 | $77,000 | $115,590 |
| New York | 640 | $46,580 | $76,990 | $115,210 |
| New Mexico | 330 | $46,520 | $76,800 | $111,010 |
| Nebraska | 220 | $54,500 | $76,400 | $106,330 |
| South Dakota | 360 | $51,100 | $76,400 | $100,420 |
| Rhode Island | 60 | $56,580 | $76,130 | $173,650 |
| Maine | 290 | $48,150 | $75,900 | $107,680 |
| New Hampshire | 130 | $44,340 | $74,650 | $103,710 |
| Montana | 560 | $48,660 | $73,920 | $106,330 |
| Connecticut | 140 | $65,430 | $73,860 | $123,320 |
| Arkansas | 230 | $51,630 | $73,320 | $109,300 |
| Nevada | 210 | $36,780 | $73,030 | $107,920 |
| Kentucky | 180 | $45,710 | $71,980 | $106,330 |
| Minnesota | 770 | $45,740 | $71,280 | $106,330 |
| Oklahoma | 310 | $42,000 | $71,270 | $106,420 |
| Tennessee | 250 | $48,190 | $70,500 | $109,300 |
| Vermont | 100 | $49,750 | $70,130 | $105,420 |
| West Virginia | 160 | $42,670 | $69,910 | $133,470 |
| Illinois | 730 | $42,020 | $69,590 | $117,590 |
| Georgia | 360 | $49,230 | $69,240 | $137,450 |
| Iowa | 610 | $50,320 | $69,240 | $97,870 |
| Texas | 1,970 | $53,440 | $68,620 | $92,320 |
| Kansas | 220 | $48,440 | $67,200 | $105,370 |
| Arizona | 410 | $47,410 | $66,750 | $104,750 |
| Hawaii | 220 | $42,300 | $65,740 | $132,020 |
| Indiana | 430 | $39,200 | $64,570 | $105,020 |
| North Carolina | 540 | $47,190 | $64,460 | $111,740 |
| New Jersey | 500 | $50,340 | $64,020 | $107,240 |
| Delaware | 80 | $48,650 | $63,850 | $89,990 |
| Michigan | 820 | $44,680 | $63,500 | $109,300 |
| Ohio | 680 | $44,070 | $63,160 | $99,780 |
| Missouri | 600 | $44,570 | $63,130 | $97,680 |
| Pennsylvania | 900 | $38,560 | $61,480 | $93,100 |
| Mississippi | 470 | $42,160 | $59,510 | $106,330 |
| South Carolina | 300 | $37,810 | $52,310 | $96,100 |
| Florida | 950 | $37,110 | $51,130 | $98,360 |
51 states with published estimates.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — state estimates. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Not yet collected
These dimensions are part of every job page. We publish them only once they are sourced from official documents such as job postings, pay plans, union contracts and state standards.
- 05 ProbationNot yet collectedProbation length and what ends it
- 09 Benefits and pensionNot yet collectedPension plan and formula, retirement age and years, DROP, retiree health, Social Security coverage, 457(b) and PSLF eligibility
- 10 Union contractsNot yet collectedBargaining unit, union and the current contract, with its source and effective dates
- 11 Transfers and lateral entryNot yet collectedLateral entry policy, certification reciprocity, lateral bonuses and moves between agencies
- 14 Exam practiceNot yet collectedNamed entrance and licensing exams, with free practice tests where they exist
- 15 Employer directoryNot yet collectedEvery public employer that hires this job, with its own pay and rules