Overview
SourcedCompile records, and sort, shelve, issue, and receive library materials such as books, electronic media, pictures, cards, slides and microfilm. Locate library materials for loan and replace material in shelving area, stacks, or files according to identification number and title. Register patrons to permit them to borrow books, periodicals, and other library materials.
O*NET definition of Library Assistants, Clerical (SOC 43-4121) · Job Zone 1-2: Very Little to Some Preparation Needed.
Assist librarians by helping readers in the use of library catalogs, databases, and indexes to locate books and other materials; and by answering questions that require only brief consultation of standard reference. Compile records; sort and shelve books or other media; remove or repair damaged books or other media; register patrons; and check materials in and out of the circulation process. Replace materials in shelving area (stacks) or files. Includes bookmobile drivers who assist with providing services in mobile libraries.
O*NET definition of Library Technicians (SOC 25-4031) · Job Zone Three: Medium Preparation Needed.
Titles employers use
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership; U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database; GovJobsWiki job taxonomy v1 (research round R240) (editorial). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Requirements
Sourced- Education needed to enter
- High school diploma or equivalent
- Related work experience
- None
- On-the-job training
- Short-term on-the-job training
- Education needed to enter
- Postsecondary nondegree award
- Related work experience
- None
- On-the-job training
- None
Education workers say the job requires
Share of surveyed workers in Library Assistants, Clerical (SOC 43-4121) naming each level as required to be hired, 31 respondents, O*NET survey August 2018. Each employer sets its own minimum.
Education workers say the job requires
Share of surveyed workers in Library Technicians (SOC 25-4031) naming each level as required to be hired, 28 respondents, O*NET survey July 2017. Each employer sets its own minimum.
Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4); U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
How to get hired
SourcedLibrary technicians typically need a postsecondary certificate. Library assistants typically need a high school diploma or its equivalent, combined with short-term on-the-job training.
From the BLS Occupational Outlook Handbook profile “Library Technicians and Assistants”, published August 27, 2026 · Read the full profile. National guidance; each employer runs its own hiring process.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2025–35 edition (XML compilation). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Academy and training
Sourced- SOC 43-4121
- Short-term on-the-job training
- SOC 25-4031
- None
- Job zone
- Very Little to Some Preparation Needed
Academy length, curriculum and paid-training policies are set by each employer and state; they are part of the employer collection stage.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections 2025–35 — education and training assignments by detailed occupation (Tables 5.3, 5.4). Data captured September 30, 2026.
Promotion ladder
EditorialCivil-service class series: civil-service class series I → II → III → senior → supervisor → manager, each with a salary range. Typical structure for a civil-service class series; titles, steps and timing differ by employer.
- Trainee / Assistant
- Level I
- Level II (journey)
- Level III / Senior
- Lead / Principal
- Supervisor
- Manager
- Director / Division Chief
Source: GovJobsWiki job taxonomy v1 (research round R240) (editorial).
Pay
SourcedLibrary Assistants, Clerical (SOC 43-4121)
Median annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.
| Employer type | Workers | 10th pct. | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | 5,400 | $29,420 | $34,510 | $38,270 | $49,050 | $62,660 |
| Local | 67,990 | $27,990 | $31,700 | $37,080 | $45,720 | $54,890 |
| All government | 73,390 | $28,020 | $31,990 | $37,270 | $45,890 | $55,670 |
| Private sector | 12,130 | $24,900 | $31,200 | $35,050 | $43,390 | $54,280 |
Library Technicians (SOC 25-4031)
Median annual wage by employer type, national, May 2025. Federal includes the U.S. Postal Service; state and local include public schools and hospitals.
| Employer type | Workers | 10th pct. | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federal | 330 | $46,900 | $53,290 | $62,520 | $71,740 | $81,180 |
| State | 7,710 | $34,260 | $38,420 | $47,600 | $59,040 | $65,060 |
| Local | 52,170 | $28,710 | $35,110 | $42,170 | $50,000 | $61,960 |
| All government | 60,210 | $29,030 | $35,580 | $43,750 | $51,220 | $62,650 |
| Private sector | 8,480 | $31,470 | $37,120 | $47,800 | $58,710 | $70,220 |
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — national estimates by ownership. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Schedule
SourcedShare of surveyed workers in the occupation (O*NET work context, August 2018). Shift patterns and differentials depend on the employer.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Day-to-day work
Sourced- Sort books, publications, and other items according to established procedure and return them to shelves, files, or other designated storage areas.4.3
- Open and close library during specified hours and secure library equipment, such as computers and audio-visual equipment.4.3
- Locate library materials for patrons, including books, periodicals, tape cassettes, Braille volumes, and pictures.4.3
- Enter and update patrons' records on computers.4.3
- Answer routine inquiries and refer patrons in need of professional assistance to librarians.4.3
- Manage reserve materials by placing items on reserve for library patrons, checking items in and out of library, and removing out-of-date items.4.2
- Lend, reserve, and collect books, periodicals, videotapes, and other materials at circulation desks and process materials for inter-library loans.4.1
- Instruct patrons on how to use reference sources, card catalogs, and automated information systems.4.1
- Inspect returned books for condition and due-date status and compute any applicable fines.4.1
- Maintain records of items received, stored, issued, and returned and file catalog cards according to system used.4.0
The 10 most important of 25 core tasks for Library Assistants, Clerical, ranked by importance (1–5) in the O*NET survey of August 2018.
- Reserve, circulate, renew, and discharge books and other materials.4.3
- Answer routine telephone or in-person reference inquiries, referring patrons to librarians for further assistance, when necessary.4.3
- Help patrons find and use library resources, such as reference materials, audio-visual equipment, computers, and other electronic resources and provide technical assistance when needed.4.2
- Deliver and retrieve items throughout the library by hand or using pushcart.4.2
- Process print and non-print library materials to prepare them for inclusion in library collections.4.1
- Catalogue and sort books and other print and non-print materials according to procedure and return them to shelves, files, or other designated storage areas.4.0
- Enter and update patrons' records on computers.4.0
- Provide assistance to teachers and students by locating materials and helping to complete special projects.3.9
- Compile and maintain records relating to circulation, materials, and equipment.3.8
- Take actions to halt disruption of library activities by problem patrons.3.8
The 10 most important of 17 core tasks for Library Technicians, ranked by importance (1–5) in the O*NET survey of July 2017.
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), O*NET 31.0 Database. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Related jobs
DerivedBy state
SourcedMedian annual wage for Library Assistants, Clerical (SOC 43-4121) in each state, all employers (BLS state estimates do not separate government from private). Highest first.
| State | Workers | 10th pct. | Median | 90th pct. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of Columbia | 100 | $37,310 | $59,390 | $78,570 |
| California | 11,170 | $36,920 | $47,860 | $68,810 |
| Washington | 2,810 | $37,450 | $47,540 | $61,590 |
| Nevada | 660 | $32,000 | $46,620 | $59,740 |
| Maryland | 730 | $32,130 | $45,910 | $61,460 |
| Alaska | 180 | $32,130 | $44,800 | $62,890 |
| Massachusetts | 2,840 | $32,370 | $42,520 | $59,940 |
| Oregon | 1,090 | $33,160 | $42,270 | $50,560 |
| Minnesota | 1,770 | $28,850 | $39,970 | $50,510 |
| New Jersey | 3,120 | $32,750 | $39,780 | $56,430 |
| Wisconsin | 1,570 | $30,740 | $39,610 | $51,080 |
| Connecticut | 1,810 | $34,010 | $39,100 | $58,420 |
| Montana | 160 | $27,190 | $39,070 | $45,010 |
| Arizona | 1,560 | $33,270 | $38,110 | $48,480 |
| Wyoming | Not published | $28,350 | $38,040 | $42,590 |
| Virginia | 2,170 | $29,250 | $38,020 | $54,180 |
| Maine | 540 | $32,970 | $37,890 | $48,540 |
| Florida | 3,630 | $29,420 | $37,880 | $45,960 |
| Tennessee | 1,110 | $24,180 | $37,410 | $54,230 |
| New Hampshire | 990 | $27,800 | $37,400 | $48,220 |
| Hawaii | 370 | $30,040 | $37,110 | $46,920 |
| Delaware | 270 | $31,200 | $37,090 | $39,700 |
| Rhode Island | 510 | $31,200 | $36,610 | $49,550 |
| Vermont | 350 | $29,190 | $36,430 | $49,050 |
| Georgia | 610 | $28,460 | $36,410 | $49,640 |
| Colorado | 470 | $30,800 | $36,130 | $47,730 |
| New York | 8,010 | $32,610 | $35,990 | $57,160 |
| New Mexico | 150 | $30,690 | $35,250 | $41,600 |
| Illinois | 6,620 | $31,200 | $34,680 | $44,520 |
| North Carolina | 1,330 | $25,040 | $34,550 | $45,690 |
| North Dakota | 60 | $21,200 | $34,530 | $53,000 |
| Michigan | 3,470 | $27,170 | $34,510 | $44,060 |
| South Carolina | 960 | $23,980 | $33,980 | $44,090 |
| Idaho | 920 | $21,990 | $33,960 | $43,390 |
| Missouri | 1,610 | $28,600 | $33,760 | $40,780 |
| Kentucky | 1,050 | $25,720 | $33,690 | $43,630 |
| Ohio | 5,240 | $23,070 | $33,480 | $46,010 |
| Utah | 820 | $24,030 | $32,690 | $45,670 |
| Kansas | 1,380 | $20,800 | $31,550 | $41,180 |
| Texas | 1,600 | $21,900 | $31,200 | $39,940 |
| Arkansas | 390 | $24,120 | $31,100 | $34,930 |
| West Virginia | 450 | $26,380 | $30,800 | $36,840 |
| Pennsylvania | 3,930 | $22,110 | $30,690 | $45,930 |
| Oklahoma | 800 | $19,810 | $29,640 | $40,250 |
| Louisiana | 720 | $19,680 | $29,620 | $45,070 |
| Iowa | 1,700 | $21,950 | $29,480 | $45,310 |
| Indiana | 1,830 | $21,170 | $28,900 | $37,240 |
| Mississippi | 440 | $18,120 | $28,110 | $36,920 |
| Nebraska | 310 | $28,080 | $28,080 | $37,380 |
| Alabama | 900 | $21,700 | $27,530 | $38,110 |
50 states with published estimates.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), May 2025 — state estimates. Data captured September 30, 2026.
Not yet collected
These dimensions are part of every job page. We publish them only once they are sourced from official documents such as job postings, pay plans, union contracts and state standards.
- 05 ProbationNot yet collectedProbation length and what ends it
- 09 Benefits and pensionNot yet collectedPension plan/tier and formula, retirement age/years, DROP, retiree health, Social Security coverage, 457(b), PSLF eligibility
- 10 Union contractsNot yet collectedBargaining unit, union, current CBA (source link, effective dates)
- 11 Transfers and lateral entryNot yet collectedLateral policy, certification reciprocity, lateral bonus, inter-agency moves
- 14 Exam practiceNot yet collectedNamed exams → OpenExamPrep practice
- 15 Employer directoryNot yet collectedL4 directory: every employer that hires this job, each with its own facet values